Bioregions
A bioregion is a living place defined by its watersheds, soils, climate, species and cultures rather than by borders. Here are the 185 bioregions of the Earth, with the places, people, organisations and activities we know of in each.
Based on the One Earth Bioregions 2023 framework. Names and codes are One Earth’s; the descriptions are our own, and boundaries here are approximate, so matches near the edges may be off.
Subarctic America
NA1Greenland
NA2Canadian Tundra
NA3North Alaskan Tundra
NA4Greater Alaska Taiga & Tundra1 places
NA5Far Northern Pacific Coast2 places
NA6Greater Yukon
NA7Northwest Canadian Taiga, Lakes, & Wetlands
NA8Mid-Canada Boreal Plains & Foothill Forests1 places · 1 voices
NA9Canadian Shield & Coastal Taiga-Forests
Northern America
NA10Northeastern American Mixed Forests3 places · 18 voices
NA11Northern Great Lakes Forests4 voices
NA12Northern Prairie & Aspen Forests3 voices
NA13Greater Rockies & Mountain Forests
NA14Northwest Intermountain Conifer Forests1 places · 5 voices
NA15Pacific Northwest Coastal Forests1 places · 2 voices
NA16Cascades Mountain Forests & Valleys1 places · 8 voices
NA17Columbia Plateau & Blue Mountains
NA18Great Basin & Columbia Steppe
NA19Colorado Plateau & Mountain Forests3 places · 7 voices
NA20Southern Prairie Mixed Grasslands12 voices
NA21Midwestern Tallgrass Prairie & Forest Transition8 voices
NA22Ozarks Mixed Forests
NA23Interior Plateau & Southern Great Lakes Forests5 voices
NA24Appalachia & Allegheny Interior Forests1 places · 17 voices
NA25Southeast Savannas & Riparian Forests1 places · 2 voices
NA26Bermuda
NA27Western Gulf Coastal Grasslands
NA28Southern Mixed Forests & Blackland Prairies2 places · 1 voices
NA29Sierra Madre Forests & Mexican Drylands2 places · 1 voices
NA30Baja California & Southern Deserts1 places
NA31Greater California1 places · 25 voices
Southern America
NT1Chilean Mixed Forests4 places · 2 voices
NT2Patagonia Steppe & Low Mountains4 places
NT3Rio de la Plata Grasslands1 places · 4 voices
NT4Chaco Grasslands1 places
NT5Andean Mountain Grasslands3 places · 1 voices
NT6Chilean Matorral Shrublands & Savanna2 voices
NT7Juan Fernández & Desventuradas Islands
NT8South American Coastal Deserts1 places
NT9Galápagos Islands
NT10Ecuadorean Dry Coastal Forests & Flooded Grasslands
NT11Andean Mountain Forests & Valleys
NT12Pantanal Flooded Grasslands & Dry Forests1 places
NT13Cerrado Savannas2 voices
NT14Brazilian Atlantic Moist Forests2 places · 6 voices
NT15Brazilian Atlantic Dry Forests1 voices
NT16Amazon River Estuary
NT17Southern Amazonian Forests
NT18Western Amazonian Forests & Plains1 places
NT19Central Amazonian Forests1 places
NT20Northern Amazonian Forests
NT21Guianan Forests & Savanna2 places
NT22Llanos & Dry Forests3 voices
Central America
Subarctic Eurasia
PA1Russian Arctic Desert Islands
PA2Iceland
PA3Scandinavian Birch & Coastal Conifer Forests3 places · 3 voices
PA4Greater Eurasian Tundra
PA5East Eurasian Coastal Tundra
PA6Sea of Okhotsk Coastal Taiga, Meadows & Tundra
PA7Siberian Boreal Forests & Mountain Tundra
PA8Ural Mountains & West Eurasian Taiga Forests
Western Eurasia
PA9Great Britain, Ireland & Faroe Islands3 places · 2 voices · 15 activities
PA10West European Coastal Mixed Forests1 places · 72 voices · 4 activities
PA11Baltic Sea & Sarmatic Mixed Forests16 voices
PA12European Interior Mixed Forests1 places · 17 voices
PA13Alps & Po Basin Mixed Forests4 places · 19 voices
PA14Carpathian Mountain & Plains Mixed Forests
PA15Dinaric Mountains & Balkan Mixed Forests
PA16Pontic Steppe Grasslands
PA17Black Sea, Caucasus-Anatolian Mixed Forests & Steppe
PA18Aegean Sea & East Mediterranean Mixed Forests2 voices
PA19Adriatic Sea & Central Mediterranean Mixed Forests1 places · 3 voices
PA20Balearic Sea & West Mediterranean Mixed Forests27 voices
PA21Azores Forest Islands1 places
PA22Madeira Evergreen Island
PA23South Mediterranean Mixed Woodlands & Forests
Southwest Asia & North Africa
PA24Northern Sahara Deserts, Savannas & Marshes
PA25Southern Sahara Deserts & Mountain Woodlands1 places
PA26Red Sea, Arabian Deserts & Salt Marshes2 voices · 2 activities
PA27Zagros Mountain Forests & East Anatolian Steppe
PA28South Caspian Coastal & Mountain Mixed Forests
PA29Persian Deserts & Mountain Woodlands
PA30Afghan-Balochistan Drylands, Mountain Meadows & Conifer Forests
Central Eurasia
PA31Tian Shan-Pamir Grasslands, Mountain Steppe & Conifer Forests
PA32Central Asian Deserts & Riparian Woodlands
PA33Caspian Sea, Coastal Deserts & Kopet Dagh Mountain Woodlands
PA34Kazakh Forest Steppe & Grasslands
PA35Siberian Hemiboreal Forests & Steppe
PA36Sayan Mountain Conifer Forests, Alpine Meadows & Steppe
PA37Altai Mountains & Ermin Valley
PA38Junggar Semi-Desert & Ermin Valley Steppe
PA39Taklimakan Desert & Lowland Deciduous Forests
PA40Greater Tibetan Plateau Alpine Meadows & Shrublands
PA41Himalayan-Pamir Alpine Shrub & Meadows1 places
PA42Ordos Plateau Steppe & Mountain Conifer Forests
PA43Greater Gobi Desert
PA44Mongolian Grasslands, Alpine Meadows & Forest Steppe
Eastern Eurasia
PA45Dzhagdy Mountain Conifer Forests
PA46Manchuria-Ussuri Mixed Forests & Meadow Steppes1 places
PA47Japan Forest Islands1 places
PA48Korean Peninsula Mixed Forests1 places
PA49Loess Plateau & Huang He Plain Mixed Forests
PA50Chang Jiang Plain Evergreen Forests2 places
PA51Sichuan Basin & Central Mountain Forests
PA52Guizhou & Yunnan Subtropical Forest Plateaus
PA53Hengduan Mountain Conifer Forests
Indomalaya
IM1Central Indian Ocean Islands
IM2Indian Tropical Coastal Forests1 voices
IM3Indian Dry Deciduous Forests1 voices
IM4North Indomalayan Deserts & Scrub Forest
IM5Himalayan Mixed Forests & Grasslands
IM6North Indian Tropical Forests & Sundarbans2 places · 1 voices
IM7Northern Deccan & Odisha Tropical Forests
IM8Greater Deccan-Sri Lankan Forests & Drylands1 voices
IM9Myanmar Coastal Rainforests & Andaman Sea Islands1 places
IM10Arakan Mountains & Northern Triangle Forests
IM11Irrawaddy & North Indochina Mixed Forests
IM12Indochina Mixed Forests & Peatlands
IM13South China Subtropical Evergreen & Monsoon Forests1 places
IM14Nansei Islands Subtropical Evergreen Forests
IM15Philippines & Sulu Sea Tropical Forests1 voices
IM16Borneo Tropical Forests & Sundaland Heath Forests
IM17Javan-Bali Tropical Rainforests2 voices
IM18Peninsular Malaysian & Sumatran Tropical Rainforests1 places
Australasia
AU1New Zealand5 places · 3 voices
AU2Lord Howe & Norfolk Islands
AU3East Australian Temperate Forests & Mountain Shrublands1 places · 6 voices
AU4East Australian Mediterranean Woodlands & Temperate Savannas1 voices
AU5South Australian Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands & Scrub4 voices
AU6West Australian Dry Coastal Shrublands
AU7Greater Australian Interior Desert & Shrublands1 places
AU8North Australian Tropical Savannas1 places
AU9Queensland Tropical Rainforests & Savannas1 places · 7 voices
AU10Coral Sea & New Caledonia Islands
AU11Vanuatu Islands
AU12Solomon Islands
AU13New Guinea & Surrounding Islands1 places
AU14Sulawesi & Maluku Islands
AU15Southeast Indonesian Dry Forest Islands
AU16Subantarctic Antipodes Islands
Oceania
OC1Salas y Gómez & Easter Islands
OC2Marquesas Tropical Islands
OC3Southeast Polynesian Islands1 places
OC4Central Polynesian Islands
OC5Samoa & West Polynesian Tropical Islands
OC6Fiji & Tongan Tropical Islands1 places
OC7East Micronesian Islands
OC8Palau & Caroline Tropical Islands1 places
OC9Guam & Marianas Dry Tropical Islands
OC10Ogasawara Subtropical Islands
OC11Hawai'i Tropical Islands2 places
Afrotropics
AT1Tristan Volcanic Islands
AT2South African Cape Shrublands & Mountain Forests1 places · 1 voices
AT3Amsterdam-Saint Paul Islands
AT4Mascarene Tropical Forest Islands
AT5Seychelles & Comoros Tropical Islands1 places
AT6Madagascar Island
AT7East African Coastal Forests1 places · 1 voices
AT8Southeast African Subtropical Grasslands1 places · 3 voices
AT9Greater Karoo & Kalahari Drylands1 places
AT10Southwest African Coastal Drylands
AT11Greater African Subequatorial Savannas & Mixed Woodlands3 places · 2 voices
AT12Victoria Basin & Albertine Rift Forests3 places · 1 voices
AT13South Congolian Forest-Savannas & Coastal Scarp
AT14Central Congolian Tropical Forests
AT15North Congolian Lowland Forests2 voices
AT16Mandara Mountain & North Congolian Forest-Savannas
AT17Gulf of Guinea Coastal Forests & Mangroves
AT18St. Helena & Ascension Islands
AT19West African Coastal Forests & Savanna
AT20West Sudanian Savanna
AT21Lake Turkana-Sudd Grasslands, Bushlands & Forests2 voices
AT22South Red Sea & Gulf of Aden Coastal Drylands3 places
AT23Sahel Acacia Savannas1 voices
AT24Cape Verde Islands
